Sources and Further Reading

Every fact on this site is tied to a numbered source. Each page lists its own sources at the bottom; this is the complete list of 258 sources, with the pages that cite each one. All sources were accessed on or before November 3, 2026.

How to read these sources

Primary and authoritative sources come first in weight: U.S. Geological Survey data, state geological maps, the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the Encyclopedia of Arkansas, the Arkansas State Archives, statutes, and businesses' own published information about themselves. Newspaper interviews and business histories are treated as single accounts and are named in the text where they are used. See About This Encyclopedia for the full method, and Myths and Facts for claims that could not be verified.

Complete source list

1. Cliff House Inn: Published coordinates and directions cliffhouseinnar.com/contact/Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay, Food and Shops, Myths and Facts, About
2. Arkansas Tourism, Arkansas Scenic 7 Byway www.arkansas.com/experiences/discover/attraction-listings/arkansas-scenic-7-bywa…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Myths and Facts, About
3. Bill Bowden, State’s Grand Canyon still a draw, February 3, 2020, PressReader edition www.pressreader.com/usa/arkansas-democrat-gazette/20200203/281741271406576Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Native History, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Timeline, Myths and Facts, About
4. John Robinette, Jasper, Arkansas Shamrock Tour, RoadRUNNER, September/October 2024 www.roadrunner.travel/tours/jasper-arkansas-shamrock-tour/Cited on: The Canyon, The Name
5. Arkansas Tourism, 5 Reasons to Explore Jasper on Your Next Weekend Getaway www.arkansas.com/plan-your-trip/plan/trip-ideas-itineraries/5-reasons-to-explore…Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Things to Do, Myths and Facts
6. ARDOT, Explore AR Highways www.ardot.gov/explore/Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Myths and Facts, About
7. USGS, Download GNIS Data www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names/download-gnis-dataCited on: The Canyon, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Myths and Facts
8. USGS Arkansas DomesticNames extract, modified November 2, 2026 prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/StagedProducts/GeographicNames/DomesticNames/DomesticNa…Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Myths and Facts
9. USGS national AllNames official and variant-name extract, modified November 2, 2026 prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/StagedProducts/GeographicNames/Topical/AllNames_Nationa…Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Myths and Facts
10. USGS National Hydrography Dataset: Large-scale flowlines hydro.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/nhd/MapServer/6Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Native History, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Myths and Facts, About
11. USGS: Big Creek seepage and dye-tracing data release www.usgs.gov/data/seepage-investigation-and-dye-tracing-characterize-base-flow-s…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Native History, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Nature & Seasons, Myths and Facts, About
12. USGS GNIS: Big Creek, Left Fork, and both Dry Branch records carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/6/query?f=json&whe…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Native History, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Myths and Facts, About
13. Encyclopedia of Arkansas, "Boston Mountains" (Margaret J. Guccione) encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/boston-mountains-2389/Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Scenic Highway 7, Nature & Seasons, Timeline, About
14. Arkansas Geological Commission: Parthenon geological map geology.arkansas.gov/docs/pdf/maps-and-data/geologic_maps/24k/Parthenon.pdfCited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Native History, About
15. Arkansas Geological Survey: Mount Judea geological map, revised 2015 geology.arkansas.gov/docs/pdf/maps-and-data/geologic_maps/24k/Mount%20Judea.pdfCited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Native History, Nature & Seasons, About
16. Arkansas Archeological Survey: Geology of Ozark bluff shelters archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/basics/geology/Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Native History, Nature & Seasons, Timeline
17. USGS terrain-elevation estimate at the published Cliff House coordinate epqs.nationalmap.gov/v1/json?x=-93.16241&y=35.94536&units=Feet&wkid=4326&include…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Myths and Facts, About
18. USGS: Accuracy and limitations of elevation point queries www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-accurate-are-elevations-generated-elevation-point-query-se…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology
19. USGS terrain-elevation estimate at a selected western Dry Branch point epqs.nationalmap.gov/v1/json?x=-93.13870061544743&y=35.94531851077521&units=Feet…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Myths and Facts, About
20. USGS terrain-elevation estimate at the Dry Branch near Vendor station coordinate epqs.nationalmap.gov/v1/json?x=-93.1129529&y=35.93341086&units=Feet&wkid=4326&in…Cited on: The Canyon, Geology, The Name, Myths and Facts, About
21. CALS: Arkansas Highway 7 encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/arkansas-highway-7-14001/Cited on: The Canyon, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Timeline, About
22. ARDOT: Scenic Byways ardot.gov/divisions/right-of-way/row_sections/beautification-section/scenic-bywa…Cited on: The Canyon, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Timeline, Myths and Facts
23. Public Law 92-237, March 1, 1972 www.congress.gov/92/statute/STATUTE-86/STATUTE-86-Pg44.pdfCited on: The Canyon, Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline, About
24. CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas: Buffalo National River encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/buffalo-national-river-7/Cited on: The Canyon, Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
25. ARDOT Launches Public Interactive Quest: Explore AR Highways, October 12, 2026 ardot.gov/news/26-166/Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Things to Do, Timeline, About
26. USGS GNIS: Vendor, Mount Judea, and Red Rock carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/3/query?f=json&whe…Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Big Creek & Buffalo, Settlement, Cliff House Inn
27. University of Arkansas: Sokolosky thesis on Big Creek geochemistry, 2019 scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4950&context=etdCited on: The Canyon, Geology, Big Creek & Buffalo, Settlement, Timeline
28. USGS GNIS: Named cliffs, Judea Mountain, Ricketts Mountain, and Riddle Point carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5/query?f=json&whe…Cited on: The Canyon
29. National Park Service, Digital Geologic-GIS Map of Buffalo National River and vicinity (NPS DataStore) irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/680757?Reference=2255898Cited on: Geology, Native History
30. Murdoch, Bitting, and Van Brahana: Boone karst hydrogeology in Big Creek Valley, 2016 link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-016-5981-yCited on: The Canyon, Geology, Big Creek & Buffalo, Nature & Seasons
31. USGS station metadata for Dry Branch, Left Fork near Vendor, and Big Creek at Carver waterservices.usgs.gov/nwis/site/?format=rdb&sites=07055800,07055792,07055814&si…Cited on: Geology, Big Creek & Buffalo
32. Arkansas Tourism, Ride Arkansas with Staci Wilt www.arkansas.com/experiences/explore/outdoor-experiences/motorcycling/ride-arkan…Cited on: The Name
33. Arkansas Tourism, Motorcycling www.arkansas.com/experiences/discover/all-experiences/motorcyclingCited on: The Name
34. Bill Bowden, Arkansas’ Grand Canyon still a draw, Arkansas Democrat-Gazette www.arkansasonline.com/news/2020/feb/03/state-s-grand-canyon-still-a-draw-20200/Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Cliff House Inn, Timeline, About
35. History of the Cliff House Inn cliffhouseinnar.com/about/Cited on: The Canyon, The Name, Settlement, Cliff House Inn, Timeline, Myths and Facts, About
36. Grainger David, Road Trip: The Arkansas Ozarks, January 5, 2006 www.budgettravel.com/article/the-arkansas-ozarks_2000Cited on: The Name, Timeline
37. Julianna Schroeder, "They Call It the Arkansas Grand Canyon," The Opulent Opossum, May 20, 2009 opulentopossum.blogspot.com/2009/05/they-call-it-arkansas-grand-canyon.htmlCited on: The Name
38. eBay seller listing, vintage Arkansas Grand Canyon postcard (seller-dated; unverified) www.ebay.com/itm/257538270501Cited on: The Name, About
39. Missouri State Parks, Grand Gulf State Park mostateparks.com/park/grand-gulf-state-parkCited on: The Name, Myths and Facts
40. AGFC commission meeting report and Little Grand Canyon photo cutline, June 20, 2025 www.agfc.com/news/commission-approves-2026-turkey-season-changes-neeley-celebrat…Cited on: The Name
41. Melissa Beck, Adventure to the Little Grand Canyon, May 17, 2017 onlyinark.com/arkansas-women-bloggers/adventure-little-grand-canyon/Cited on: The Name
42. People — Buffalo National River www.nps.gov/buff/learn/historyculture/people.htmCited on: Native History, Settlement, Visiting, Timeline, About
43. Timeline — Bluff Shelters of the Arkansas Ozarks archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/people/timeline/Cited on: Native History, Settlement, Visiting, Timeline, About
44. Archaic Period encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/archaic-period-542/Cited on: Native History
45. Woodland Period encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/woodland-period-543/Cited on: Native History
46. Mississippian Period encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/mississippian-period-544/Cited on: Native History
47. Beyond Bluff-dwellers archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/people/beyond-bluff-dwellers/Cited on: Geology, Native History, Myths and Facts
48. Ozark Bluff Dweller Myth encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/ozark-bluff-dweller-myth-13214/Cited on: Geology, Native History, Myths and Facts
49. Early Archeology archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/basics/early-exploration/Cited on: Native History
50. Cob Cave Tray Basket archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/archeological-sites/cob-cave-tray-basket/Cited on: Native History, Timeline
51. Saltpeter Cave archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/archeological-sites/salt-peter-cave/Cited on: Native History, Timeline
52. Rattlesnake Basket Rockshelter encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/rattlesnake-basket-rockshelter-19276/Cited on: Native History, Timeline
53. Daniel Wolfman — Archeological Assessment of the Buffalo National River npshistory.com/publications/buff/arch-assessment.pdfCited on: Native History
54. Who Used Bluff Shelters? archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/people/who-used-bluff-shelters/Cited on: Native History, Settlement
55. Osage encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/osage-551/Cited on: Native History, Settlement
56. Newton County encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/newton-county-364/Cited on: Native History, Settlement, Timeline, About
57. Cherokee encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/cherokee-553/Cited on: Native History, Settlement, Timeline, Myths and Facts
58. Treaty With the Western Cherokee, 1828 www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/treaty-western-cherokee-1828-go-view-national-museu…Cited on: Native History, Settlement, Timeline, Myths and Facts
59. Pact forged with National Park Service for plant gathering www.cherokeephoenix.org/news/pact-forged-with-national-park-service-for-plant-ga…Cited on: Native History
60. Endangered by Looting and Development archeology.uark.edu/ozarkbluffshelters/importance/endangered/Cited on: Native History, Visiting
61. ARPA sentencing at Buffalo National River www.nps.gov/orgs/1563/isb-buff-case-update-04212021.htmCited on: Native History, Visiting
62. Arkansas Historic Preservation Program, Columbus and Delia Hudson Farm www.arkansasheritage.com/arkansas-register/columbus-and-delia-hudson-farmCited on: Settlement, Timeline
63. National Park Service, Let the River Be: A History of the Ozark's Buffalo River, Chapter 2 npshistory.com/publications/buff/history/chap2.htmCited on: Settlement, Timeline
64. AHPP: Jasper Commercial Historic District tour script, April 12, 2014 www.arkansasheritage.com/docs/default-source/ahpp-documents/sandwiching-tour-scr…Cited on: The Canyon, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Timeline
65. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 193 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=193Cited on: Settlement, Timeline
66. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 248 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=248Cited on: Settlement
67. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 257 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=257Cited on: The Name, Settlement, Timeline
68. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 209 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=209Cited on: The Name, Settlement
69. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 196 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=196Cited on: Settlement, Timeline
70. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 227 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=227Cited on: Settlement
71. Walter F. Lackey, History of Newton County, Arkansas, HathiTrust page sequence 250 babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ssd?id=nnc1.cu01635522&seq=250Cited on: Settlement
72. Newton County Historical Society, "The Legend of Nail" www.newtoncountyar.com/product-page/the-legend-of-nailCited on: Settlement
73. Arkansas Historic Preservation Program, Hankins Country Store www.arkansasheritage.com/arkansas-register/hankins-country-storeCited on: Settlement
74. Shiloh Museum: Scenes of Newton County shilohmuseum.org/project/scenes-of-newton-county/Cited on: The Canyon, Settlement, Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Timeline, About
75. National Park Service, Let the River Be: A History of the Ozark's Buffalo River, Chapter 3 npshistory.com/publications/buff/history/chap3.htmCited on: Settlement, Timeline
76. U.S. Forest Service, history of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, Chapter 2 npshistory.com/publications/usfs/region/8/ozark-st-francis/history/chap2.htmCited on: Settlement, Timeline, About
77. U.S. Forest Service, history of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, Chapter 1 npshistory.com/publications/usfs/region/8/ozark-st-francis/history/chap1.htmCited on: Settlement
78. U.S. Forest Service, history of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, Chapter 5 npshistory.com/publications/usfs/region/8/ozark-st-francis/history/chap5.htmCited on: Settlement
79. U.S. Forest Service, history of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, Chapter 4 npshistory.com/publications/usfs/region/8/ozark-st-francis/history/chap4.htmCited on: Settlement
80. USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Henry R. Koen Experimental Forest research.fs.usda.gov/srs/forestsandranges/locations/henry-r-koenCited on: Settlement
81. CALS: Roads and Highways encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/roads-and-highways-4209/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting
82. Arkansas State Highway Commission, 1924 state highway map (ARDOT map archive) ardot-gis-imagery.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/PLAN/GIS/MAPS/STATE_TOURIST_MAPS/19…Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting
83. CALS: Buffalo River Bridge encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/buffalo-river-bridge-16196/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Timeline
84. The Courier: Rotary Ann rest area being reconstructed, June 23, 2003 www.couriernews.com/local_news/rotary-ann-rest-area-the-first-in-arkansas-being-…Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Timeline
85. Joe David Rice: The Long and Winding Road, August 1, 2024 aymag.com/long-winding-road/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Things to Do, Timeline, Myths and Facts
86. Arkansas State Archives: Scenic Point photograph and 1960 Gazette article references findingaids.digitalheritage.arkansas.gov/repositories/3/archival_objects/365319Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Cliff House Inn, Visiting, Timeline
87. Arkansas State Archives, "Van Kimber, Kimber beside Scenic Point sign," ECD1339-7, Ernie Deane Studio Photograph Collection findingaids.digitalheritage.arkansas.gov/repositories/3/archival_objects/366058Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Myths and Facts, About
88. Arkansas State Archives: Booger Holler Trading Post, June 10, 1964 findingaids.digitalheritage.arkansas.gov/repositories/3/archival_objects/368495Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Timeline
89. CALS: Dogpatch USA encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/dogpatch-usa-2302/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Things to Do, Timeline, Myths and Facts
90. Bass Pro Shops newsroom, Johnny Morris committed to preserve historic Dogpatch property about.basspro.com/newsroom/stories/noted-conservationist-and-bass-pro-shops-foun…Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Things to Do, Timeline, Myths and Facts
91. David Peterson: Marble Falls Nature Park... Someday?, June 7, 2026 www.ozarksociety.net/2026/06/marble-falls-nature-park-someday/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7
92. Julie Kohl: Arkansas Caves, August 2022 onlyinark.com/featured/arkansas-caves/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Things to Do, Myths and Facts
93. National Scenic Byway Foundation: Arkansas Scenic 7 Byway nsbfoundation.com/sb/arkansas-scenic-7-byway/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting
94. USDA Forest Service: Scenic 7 Byway www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ouachita/recreation/scenic-7-bywayCited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting
95. Landon Hall: Destinations: Arkansas' Highway 7, July 18, 2007 www.motorcycleclassics.com/classic-motorcycle-touring/arkansas-highway-seven/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7
96. Rider: 50 Best Motorcycle Roads in America, December 17, 2024 ridermagazine.com/50-best-motorcycle-roads-in-america/Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Myths and Facts
97. NPS: Paddle Hasty to Carver www.nps.gov/thingstodo/paddle-hasty-to-carver.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
98. NPS legislative handout: Big Creek, March 29, 2016 www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FAssembly%2FMeeting+Attachments%2…Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
99. NPS: Buffalo National River Water Quality www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/waterquality.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
100. The Ozark Society: About Us www.ozarksociety.net/about-us/Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
101. NPS: Dr. Neil Compton www.nps.gov/people/dr-neil-compton.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
102. NPS: Senator J.W. Fulbright www.nps.gov/people/senator-j-w-fulbright.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
103. ADEQ: C&H notice of coverage and modification correspondence adeq.state.ar.us/downloads/WebDatabases/PermitsOnline/NPDES/PermitInformation/AR…Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
104. CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas: C&H Hog Farms encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/ch-hog-farm-20159/Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
105. BCRET: Revised Final Report, December 31, 2019 bigcreekproject.uada.edu/files/2023/04/BCRET_Final_Report_12-31-2019_Revised.pdfCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Myths and Facts
106. External Expert Panel: Review of C&H Farms Research Project bigcreekproject.uada.edu/files/2023/04/Buffalo_River_Final_Review_10-24-2019.pdfCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Myths and Facts
107. ADEQ: Notice of Final Permitting Decision, January 10, 2018 buffaloriveralliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Notice-of-Final-Permit-Denia…Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
108. DEQ: Conceptual Closure Plan for C&H Waste Storage Ponds adeq.state.ar.us/water/pdfs/mt_judea_cafo_ponds_closure_plan_20190927.pdfCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo
109. C&H and State of Arkansas: Closure Agreement, June 2019 buffaloriveralliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/closure.pdfCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
110. Arkansas Money & Politics: C&H Hog Farms Officially Closes armoneyandpolitics.com/ch-hog-farms-officially-closes/Cited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
111. Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission: Final Rule 6, 2025 adeq.state.ar.us/regs/files/rule-6-final.pdfCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Timeline
112. Arkansas DEQ: 2026 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report adeq.state.ar.us/water/planning/integrated/303d/pdfs/2026/2026%20305%28b%29%20Re…Cited on: The Canyon, Big Creek & Buffalo, Myths and Facts
113. NPS: River Accesses and Mileage www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/river-accesses-mileage.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
114. NPS: Upper District Paddling www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/upper-district-paddling.htmCited on: Big Creek & Buffalo, Visiting, Things to Do, Nature & Seasons, Food and Shops
115. NPS: Forests www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/forests.htmCited on: Nature & Seasons
116. NPS: Trees and Shrubs www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/treesandshrubs.htmCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
117. Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest and Woodland research.fs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/feis/bps/13670_32_44.pdfCited on: Nature & Seasons
118. University of Arkansas Extension: Plant of the Week, Redbud www.uaex.uada.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-week/redbud.aspxCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
119. Arkansas Tourism: Fall Foliage Drives and Destinations Across Arkansas www.arkansas.com/plan-your-trip/plan/trip-ideas-itineraries/fall-foliage-drives-…Cited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
120. Clark and Smith: A demographic comparison of two black bear populations in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70170453Cited on: Nature & Seasons, Timeline
121. AGFC: Bear www.agfc.com/hunting/more-game/bear/Cited on: Nature & Seasons
122. NPS: Mammals www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/mammals.htmCited on: Nature & Seasons
123. AGFC: History of Elk in Arkansas www.agfc.com/education/history-of-elk-in-arkansas/Cited on: Nature & Seasons, Timeline, Myths and Facts
124. NPS: Elk www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/elk.htmCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons, Myths and Facts
125. NPS: Birds www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/birds.htmCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
126. Gore: Survey of Threatened and Endangered Bat Species on Big Creek buffaloriveralliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Ex-3-Gore-FINAL-truncated-ve…Cited on: Nature & Seasons
127. Gore: Survey of Threatened and Endangered Bat Species on Left Fork of Big Creek buffaloriveralliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Bat-Survey-Left-Fork-Final-2…Cited on: Nature & Seasons
128. USFWS: Northern Long-eared Bat www.fws.gov/species/northern-long-eared-bat-myotis-septentrionalisCited on: Nature & Seasons
129. NPS: Cave and Karst Systems, updated January 2026 www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/cave.htmCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
130. Only in Arkansas: Photo of the Week, Fog Over Arkansas Grand Canyon onlyinark.com/photos/fog-arkansas-grand-canyon/Cited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons, Where to Stay
131. National Weather Service: Mountain and valley fog www.weather.gov/safety/fog-mountain-valleyCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons, Where to Stay
132. NOAA NWS: What is a temperature inversion? www.weather.gov/lmk/inversionCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons, Where to Stay
133. NPS: Night Sky Viewing www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/night-sky-viewing.htmCited on: The Canyon, Nature & Seasons, Where to Stay, Timeline
134. NPS: Climate and Geology www.nps.gov/buff/learn/nature/climate-and-geology.htmCited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Nature & Seasons
135. NOAA NWS Little Rock: Climate Data www.weather.gov/lzk/wxcntl3.htmCited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Nature & Seasons
136. NOAA NWS: Ice Storm on January 26–28, 2009 www.weather.gov/lzk/win0109ayr.htmCited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Nature & Seasons
137. NOAA NWS: Harrison Boone County Airport 1991–2020 Normals www.weather.gov/media/lzk/hronorms1991_2020.pdfCited on: Nature & Seasons
138. ARDOT IDrive Arkansas: Winter Weather Road Conditions www.idrivearkansas.com/travel_info/report?report_type=winter&show_tir_btn=1Cited on: Scenic Highway 7, Visiting, Nature & Seasons
139. NPS: Safety www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/safety.htmCited on: Visiting, Nature & Seasons
140. Kat Robinson: Company's Coming Pie at the Cliff House Inn www.tiedyetravels.com/2012/08/companys-coming-pie-at-cliff-house-inn.htmlCited on: Cliff House Inn, Food and Shops, Timeline, Myths and Facts
141. Amanda Farris: Cliff House Inn — Delicious Food with a Beautiful View onlyinark.com/food/cliff-house-inn-delicious-food-with-a-beautiful-view/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, About
142. NOAA Storm Events Database: November 23, 2001 Newton County tornado www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/storm-events-database/event-details/5273827Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Timeline
143. Cliff House menu and alternative 2026 hours cliffhouseinnar.com/menu/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Food and Shops, Myths and Facts
144. Deep South Magazine: Excerpt and Recipe From Arkansas Pie deepsouthmag.com/2012/12/18/excerpt-recipe-from-arkansas-pie/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Food and Shops, Myths and Facts
145. Encyclopedia of Arkansas: Sesquicentennial Celebration encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/sesquicentennial-celebration-2685/Cited on: Cliff House Inn
146. Arkansas Times: Arkansas destination dining arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2020/10/08/arkansas-destination-diningCited on: Cliff House Inn, Food and Shops, Myths and Facts
147. Simply Recipes: Company's Coming Pie www.simplyrecipes.com/companys-coming-pie-recipe-11867036Cited on: Cliff House Inn
148. The Cliff House Inn Lodging cliffhouseinnar.com/inn/Cited on: The Canyon, Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay, About
149. Lookout Mountain Cabins cliffhouseinnar.com/cabins/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay, About
150. Wolf Cabin cliffhouseinnar.com/cabins/wolf-cabin/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay
151. Bear Cabin cliffhouseinnar.com/cabins/bear-cabin/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay
152. Eagle Cabin cliffhouseinnar.com/cabins/eagle-cabin/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay
153. The Cliff House Restaurant and 2026 hours cliffhouseinnar.com/restaurant/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Food and Shops, About
154. Cliff House Inn homepage cliffhouseinnar.com/Cited on: Cliff House Inn, Where to Stay, Food and Shops, About
155. J3 at the Gap organizer page and address events.ticketleap.com/events/j3-at-the-gapCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay, About
156. Newton County Chamber J3 at the Gap listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/j3-at-the-gap/Cited on: Off-Roading, About
157. Arkansas Bride J3 at the Gap listing arkansasbride.com/places/j3-at-the-gap/Cited on: Off-Roading
158. Experience Jasper AR, Facebook spotlight on J3 at the Gap, April 14, 2026 www.facebook.com/ExperienceJasperAR/posts/this-weeks-spotlight-is-on-j3-at-the-g…Cited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay
159. J3 About page j3atthegap.com/aboutCited on: Off-Roading, About
160. J3 article describing 300 acres and private trails j3atthegap.com/blog/discover-the-adventure-waiting-on-300-private-acres-at-j3Cited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay, About
161. J3 amenities and personal-ATV restriction j3atthegap.com/ammenitiesCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay, About
162. J3 weddings and retreats j3atthegap.com/weddings-and-retreatsCited on: Off-Roading
163. J3 cabin and camping packages j3atthegap.com/cabinsCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay
164. J3 full-property buyout j3atthegap.com/full-property-buyoutCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay
165. J3 day-pass requirements j3atthegap.com/day-passCited on: Off-Roading
166. J3 booking-request page j3atthegap.com/contactCited on: Off-Roading
167. Fire on the Mountain November 6–8, 2026 organizer listing events.ticketleap.com/tickets/j3-at-the-gap/fire-on-the-mountainCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay, About
168. J3 events j3atthegap.com/events-1Cited on: Off-Roading
169. Newton County Chamber November 2024 annual meeting account newtoncountychamber.com/news/2024-j3-at-the-gap-newton-county-chamber-of-commerc…
170. Jasper Jeep Jam 2026 dates and program jasperjeepjam.com/Cited on: Off-Roading
171. Jasper Jeep Jam location jasperjeepjam.com/event-location-and-venue-mapCited on: Off-Roading
172. Jasper Jeep Jam vehicle and event rules jasperjeepjam.com/faqsCited on: Off-Roading
173. Wilderness Rider riding, rentals and tours wildernessrider.com/atv-sxs/Cited on: Off-Roading, Food and Shops
174. Wilderness Rider entrance directions wildernessrider.com/location/Cited on: Off-Roading, Food and Shops
175. Polaris Adventures Compton rental listing adventures.polaris.com/adventure/off-road-rentals-compton-arkansas-P-QB2-89RCited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Off-Roading, Food and Shops
176. Buffalo River Off-Road Rentals services www.bransonoffroadrentals.com/buffalo-riverCited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Off-Roading, Food and Shops
177. Bearly Earth Retreat official website and approximate distances bearlyearth.comCited on: The Canyon, Off-Roading, Where to Stay
178. Mack's Pines lodging and facilities macks-pines.com/Cited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay, Food and Shops
179. 2026 Big Piney Ranger District Motor Vehicle Use Map www.fs.usda.gov/media/265902Cited on: Visiting, Off-Roading, About
180. Forest Service Big Piney Ranger District www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/big-piney-ranger-districtCited on: Visiting, Off-Roading, About
181. Forest Service map downloads and Avenza update notice www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/maps-guidesCited on: Off-Roading
182. Forest Service Moccasin Gap facilities and eligible uses www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/moccasin-gapCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay
183. Forest Service Moccasin Gap damage alert www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/alerts/use-caution-moccasin-gap-trailsCited on: Off-Roading, Where to Stay
184. Forest Service Brock Creek trail page www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/brock-creek-trailsCited on: Off-Roading
185. Arkansas Act 922 of 2025 arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2FACT922.pdfCited on: Off-Roading, Timeline, About
186. Newton County Sheriff's December 5, 2025 UTV-road announcement www.newtoncountysheriff.org/press_view.php?id=526Cited on: Off-Roading, Timeline, About
187. Buffalo National River fees and passes www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/fees.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
188. Buffalo National River current campground information www.nps.gov/buff/planyourvisit/camping.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
189. Scenic Point Gift Shop chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/scenic-point-gift-shop/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay, Food and Shops, About
190. Association of Arkansas Counties Newton County www.arcounties.org/counties/newton/Cited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay, Food and Shops
191. Bradley Park ownership and facilities newtoncountychamber.com/directory/bradley-park/Cited on: Things to Do
192. Newton County Historical Society museum visitor information www.newtoncountyar.com/Cited on: Things to Do
193. Forest Service accessible trails including Koen www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/national-forests-grasslands/accessibility/forests-…Cited on: Things to Do, Nature & Seasons, Where to Stay
194. NPS: Paddle Ozark to Pruitt www.nps.gov/thingstodo/paddle-ozark-to-pruitt.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
195. Alum Cove Natural Bridge Recreation Area www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/alum-cove-natural-bridge-recreati…Cited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay
196. Fairview Trailhead and campground decommissioning www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/fairview-trailheadCited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay
197. Forest Service day-use areas order www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/alerts/forest-order-day-use-areasCited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay
198. Pedestal Rock Scenic Area www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/pedestal-rock-scenic-areaCited on: Visiting, Things to Do
199. Hurricane Creek Wilderness www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/hurricane-creek-wildernessCited on: Things to Do
200. Highway 123 bridge rehabilitation closure dates www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/alerts/ardot-hwy-123-bridge-rehabilitation-c…Cited on: Things to Do
201. Richland Creek Wilderness and access cautions www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/richland-creek-wildernessCited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay
202. Richland Creek Recreation Area www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/richland-creek-recreation-areaCited on: Things to Do, Where to Stay
203. Round Top Mountain Crash Site www.arkansasheritage.com/arkansas-register/round-top-mountain-crash-siteCited on: Things to Do, Timeline
204. Sams Throne Recreation Area www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/sams-throne-recreation-areaCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
205. NPS: Paddling Mount Hersey to Woolum www.nps.gov/thingstodo/paddling-mt-hersey-to-woolum.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay
206. NPS Lost Valley trail visitor information www.nps.gov/thingstodo/hike-the-lost-valley-trail.htmCited on: Things to Do
207. Arkansas Tourism Glory Hole Falls www.arkansas.com/experiences/discover/attraction-listings/glory-hole-fallsCited on: Things to Do
208. Whitaker Point Hawksbill Crag Trailhead www.fs.usda.gov/r08/ozark-stfrancis/recreation/whitaker-point-hawksbill-crag-tra…Cited on: Visiting, Things to Do
209. Boxley Valley Cultural Landscape www.nps.gov/articles/000/boxley-valley-500898.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Nature & Seasons
210. NPS archived elk-viewing safety guidance www.nps.gov/buff/learn/news/safety-tips-for-elk-viewing-in-boxley-valley.htmCited on: Visiting, Things to Do, Nature & Seasons
211. AGFC current Ponca Nature Center visitor information www.agfc.com/things-to-do/nature-centers/ponca/Cited on: Things to Do
212. Jasper Mountain Lodge host listing www.airbnb.com/rooms/1001475278693875124Cited on: Where to Stay
213. Arkansas Grand Canyon View Cabins homepage www.arkansasgrandcanyonviewcabins.com/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay, Food and Shops
214. Arkansas Grand Canyon View Cabins directions www.arkansasgrandcanyonviewcabins.com/location/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Things to Do, Where to Stay, Food and Shops
215. Ozark Cafe chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/ozark-cafe/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Food and Shops
216. Jasper Pizza Company chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/jasper-pizza-company/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Food and Shops
217. Peggy Sue's Coffee official website www.peggysuescoffee.com/Cited on: The Canyon, Visiting, Food and Shops
218. Arkansas House lodging and Bistro closure notice thearkhouse.com/Cited on: Where to Stay, Food and Shops
219. Riverview canoe business and motel closure www.floatriverview.com/Cited on: Where to Stay, Food and Shops
220. Bubba's storefront and online-ordering status www.bubbasbuffaloriverstore.com/Cited on: Food and Shops
221. Crystal Cottage chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/crystal-cottage-rocks-beads-and-gifts/Cited on: Food and Shops
222. A Wild Hare Gifts chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/a-wild-hare-gifts/Cited on: Food and Shops
223. Turquoise Buffalo official shop www.theturquoisebuffalo.comCited on: Food and Shops
224. Mad Hatter Mercantile chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/the-mad-hatter-mercantile/Cited on: Food and Shops
225. Low Gap Cafe chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/low-gap-cafe/Cited on: Food and Shops
226. Sommer House Inn official website www.sommerhouseinn.com/Cited on: Where to Stay
227. Little Switzerland official lodging and location information littleswitzerlandarkansas.com/Cited on: Visiting, Where to Stay
228. Mt. Judea Mercantile official website www.mjmercantile.com/Cited on: Food and Shops
229. Mt. Judea Mercantile fall 2026 owner announcement www.facebook.com/Mt.JudeaMercantile/videos/the-mt-judea-mercantile-opens-on-sept…Cited on: Food and Shops
230. Kent General Store first-party ordering and address kent-general-store-llc.square.site/Cited on: Food and Shops
231. Buffalo River Canoes official 2026 information buffalorivercanoes.com/Cited on: Food and Shops
232. Rio Buffalo office address and 2027 reopening notice www.riobuffalo.com/Cited on: Food and Shops
233. Gaston's View host listing www.airbnb.com/rooms/27958975Cited on: Where to Stay
234. Red Rock Retreat owner location and cabin information www.ozarkredrockretreat.com/informationCited on: Where to Stay
235. Who Da Thought It owner page www.facebook.com/p/Who-Da-Thought-It-100085651604372/Cited on: Food and Shops
236. Deer Lodge Cabin Rentals official website www.deerlodgecabins.com/Cited on: Where to Stay
237. Cowbell Cabins chamber listing newtoncountychamber.com/directory/cowbell-cabins-llc/Cited on: Where to Stay
238. Appleseed Cabin booking listing www.vrbo.com/1332414Cited on: Where to Stay
239. PBS / Arkansas public television, Exploring Arkansas July 2014 www.pbs.org/video/exploring-arkansas-july-2014-snp4ue/Cited on: Timeline, Myths and Facts, About
240. Kicker 102.5, "Do You Know About the Stunning Arkansas Grand Canyon?" (travel account repeating seven-peak claim) kkyr.com/do-you-know-about-the-stunning-arkansas-grand-canyon/Cited on: Myths and Facts
241. Exploring Arkansas July 2014 — original program-channel upload www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_5CL4m8Y4cCited on: Myths and Facts, About
242. Arkansas TV, Arkansas’ Grand Canyon / Mulberry Float / St. Joe Depot | Episode 1007 www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ruKN2cNb2cCited on: Myths and Facts, About
243. ksblack99, "Arkansas Grand Canyon Panorama," Flickr (Public Domain Mark 1.0) www.flickr.com/photos/ksblack99/34607999310/Cited on: The Canyon, About
244. Dameon Hudson, "Scenic view of the Ozark Mountains, Jasper, Arkansas," Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scenic_view_of_the_Ozark_Mountains_-_Jasper_-_Ar…Cited on: Visiting, About
245. U.S. Forest Service Southern Region, Twin Falls photograph by Robert Duggan, Flickr (public domain) www.flickr.com/photos/forest_service_southern_region/53148242708/
246. Tim Ernst, Tim's 24 × 36 Poster-size Prints timernst.com/postersizeprints.html
247. Arkansas Tourism media library www.arkansas.com/mediaCited on: About
248. CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas, Copyright and Reuse Statement encyclopediaofarkansas.net/about-the-encyclopedia/copyright-statement/Cited on: About
249. Arkansas State Archives, Van Kimber, Kimber at fence at Scenic Point — ECD1339-5 findingaids.digitalheritage.arkansas.gov/repositories/3/archival_objects/366057Cited on: About
250. University of Arkansas Special Collections, Jasper postcards, undated — MC 2188, Box 8, Folder 18 uark.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/750319Cited on: About
251. University of Arkansas Libraries, Digital Buffalo collections digitalbuffalo.uark.edu/collections/Cited on: About
252. Newton County Historical Society, Bradley House Museum www.newtoncountyar.com/bradley-houseCited on: About
253. Library of Congress, Newton County News (Jasper, Ark.), 1948 to 1957, LCCN sn89051388 www.loc.gov/item/sn89051388/Cited on: About
254. Arkansas Times, 48 hours on the upper Buffalo River arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2017/10/26/48-hours-on-the-upper-buffalo-riverCited on: About
255. Arkansas Times, Six great Arkansas motorcycle trails arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2016/10/14/six-great-arkansas-motorcycle-trailsCited on: About
256. Keith & Theresa Sutton's DownHome Arkansas, Discover the Cliff House Inn downhomearkansas.net/discover-the-cliff-house-inn/Cited on: About
257. Globe Pequot / Simon & Schuster, Scenic Driving the Ozarks: Including the Ouachita Mountains www.simonandschuster.com/books/Scenic-Driving-the-Ozarks/Don-Kurz/Scenic-Driving…Cited on: About
258. Rex Nelson: Back on the road, December 17, 2017; public metadata only www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/dec/17/back-on-the-road-20171217/Cited on: About